What Types of Dental Implants Are There?

Dental implants are a long-lasting solution for missing teeth – usually a stable and long-lasting alternative to dentures or bridges. There are several different types and techniques of dental implants and making a decision can seem complicated for you. We will walk you through the basic information you need:

What are the dental implant types?

There are basically two types of dental implants: i. endosteal and ii. subperiosteal, each one is designed to address different jawbone conditions.

Endosteal

• Endosteal implants are the most common type, preferred due to their high success rate and functionality.

• Endosteal implants are surgically inserted directly into the jawbone, mimicking the root of a natural tooth.

• Titanium, a biocompatible material that fuses with the bone through a process called osseointegration, is the basic component of endosteal implants. This process is critical for the implant’s long term success.

• After osseointegration is completed, an implant abutment is attached, which connects the implant to the final dental prosthesis such as a crown.

• The implant acts as a sturdy anchor for a crown, bridge, or denture.

• There are different variations of endosteal implants: screw-type, cylinder-type, and blade-type implants. The most common type is screw-type.

• Ideal Candidates: Patients with sufficient jawbone density and volume.

• Pros: High success rate, strong and stable, long-lasting.

• Cons: Needs sufficient bone, surgical procedure.

Subperiosteal

• Subperiosteal implants are an alternative for patients with significant bone loss.

• These implants rest on top of the jawbone.

• A custom-made metal framework is produced to fit the patient's jawbone, with posts protruding through the gums to support the dental prosthesis.

• Ideal Candidates: Patients with severe bone loss, those who cannot undergo bone grafting.

• Pros: Less invasive than bone grafting, suitable for significant bone loss.

• Cons: Less stable than endosteal implants, potential for gum irritation.

What are the Dental Implant Techniques?

Bone augmentation

• Bone augmentation / grafting, is used when the jawbone lacks the necessary density or volume to support an implant.

• Bone graft material, a natural bone from the patient's own body, donor bone, or synthetic bone, is added in this procedure.

• The graft material stimulates the growth of new bone, strengthening and thickening the jawbone. The new bone creates a firm foundation for the implant.

Sinus lift

• A sinus lift / sinus augmentation, is needed when the maxillary sinus (located above the upper back teeth) is too close to the jawbone.

• In this procedure, the sinus membrane is lifted and bone graft material is placed between the jawbone and the sinus floor.

• This increases the amount of bone available for implant placement in the upper back jaw.

• When it's needed: Insufficient bone height in the upper back jaw, often due to natural anatomy or bone loss.

Ridge expansion

• In some cases, jawbone may not be wide enough for an implant. A technique called ridge expansion can be used to solve this.

• The jaw ridge is split. Bone graft material is put between the separated sections to widen the ridge.

• This creates a wider and more stable base for the implant.

• When it's needed: Narrow jaw ridge due to bone resorption.

3D Imaging and Treatment Planning

High technology dental practices are used today to improve the precision and success of dental implant procedures. These technology practices include:

• 3D imaging, such as cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans – Detailed three-dimensional images of your jawbone, teeth, and surrounding structures.

• This allows for better understanding of bone density, nerve location, and maxillary sinus anatomy.

• Your dentist can create virtual implant placement plans by using this technology. This will optimize implant positioning and minimize the risk of complications.

• This technology is functional for complex cases.

Immediate Load Dental Implants

• Immediate load implants (teeth in a day) is the placement of a temporary dental prosthesis on the same day.

• This provides patients with immediate aesthetic and functional benefits.

• This technique requires careful patient selection and precise implant placement for a successful osseointegration.

• When it's used: Selected cases with good bone quality and stability.

Mini Dental Implants (MDIs)

• Mini dental implants are smaller in diameter than traditional implants. They are less invasive and need less bone.

• Mini dental implants can be used when traditional implants are not feasible due to limited bone availability.

• When it's used: Denture stabilization, limited bone availability.

All-on-4

• The All-on-4 technique has four implants to support a full arch dental prosthesis.

• Two implants are placed vertically in the front of the jaw. The remaining two are angled in the back. This method maximizes bone contact and stability.

• This technique is a cost-effective and efficient solution for patients who have lost all their teeth in one or both jaws.

• When it's used: Full arch tooth replacement.

Key Takeaway

Dental implants are a durable and natural-feeling solution for missing teeth. The options change based your bone structure. Your dentist can prepare your jaw for a successful implant with procedures like bone augmentation and sinus lifts. You need to keep your oral hygiene (brushing, flossing, and regular dental checkups) for the longevity of your implants. You can consult with your dentist abroad to choose the best implant type and overall treatment plan.